Yrða

ó-

óflokkað
or ú-, the negative prefix before nouns and verbs, [, , and un-; and û-, the nasal being absorbed.] The at a very early date changed this ú into ó, for the very oldest and best vellums use ó, not only the , , , the Miracle-book ( i. 333 ), but also the , the Reg. of the , ; in later vellums of the better kind ú and ó are used promiscuously; till about the union with Norway the ú prevailed, and is chiefly used in vellums of the 14th century; but in the 15th the ó again took its old place, and has been retained ever since, agreeably with the usual pronunciation. The ó is therefore the proper form, ó-vitr = un-wise; that it was sounded thus even in the 12th century is also shewn by the treatise of the second grammarian (Gramm. p. i, col. 1),—ó eðr ú þat skiptir orðum, svá sem er satt eðr ó-satt (ú-satt), 171. This change of spelling in the about (or a little before) the union with Norway cannot have been owing to any change in pronunciation, but was simply a Norwegianism, as were many other cases, the dropping the h before liquids, contrary to the pronunciation. On the other hand, as for the rest of Scandinavia, the ú has been retained in Denmark and in the east of Norway; but ó in the west and north of Norway (see ’s Dict.), as also in mod, ( o-möjlig = un-möglich). In early (in the laws) u and o are used indifferently. The Orkneys seem to have followed the , to judge from a rhyme in the poem composed by bishop (died 1222), a native of the Orkneys,—ó-teitan mik sútar, the metre of which requires a half rhyme, a rule followed strictly throughout that poem.
B. Of the compds with ú- or ó-, all but a few words are from un-; these exceptional words appear to be contractions, either,
α. from ör-, where we have such double forms as ör-sekr and ó-sekr, i. 379; ör-viti and ó-viti, ó-verðr and ör-verðr, ó-vænn and ör-vænn, ör-hæfi and ú-hæfa, ör-keypis and ó-keypis, ú-dæmi ör-dæmi (?), ó-bóta ör-bóta (?), ó-birgr and ör-birgr; also ú-helgi ör-helgi, ú-heilagr ör-heilagr; also such words as ú-megin and ör-megna, ú-synja ör-synja (?).β. from of-, before a labial or dental; thus, of-vægr and ó-vægr, ó-frýnn of-frýnn, ó-sköp = of-sköp (?), ó-freskr of-freskr, ó-fyrirsynju of-fyrirsynju (?), ó-hljóð or ú-hljóð of-hljóð (?), of-dæll and ó-dæll, of-ljóss and ó-ljóss. In some of these instances doubt may arise, for a double set of compds might have sprung up. On the other hand, the great number of compds with ur-, er- in German and Saxon, and the scarcity of such words in the Norse tongue, lead to the conclusion that many of these compds in the course of time have been lost or replaced by ú-; also of-allt and á-valt, (of-saka and á-saka, of-brýði and á-brýði, of-munir and á-munr, af-vöxtr and á-vöxtr, af-burðr and of-burðr?). Since in most Editions the spelling with ú- has been adopted in these classes of words, they must be sought for under that head.
Skammstafanir og tilvitnanir
  • Goth.Gothic.
  • Engl.English.
  • Germ.German.
  • Dan.Danish.
  • Swed.Swedish.
  • Icel.Iceland, Icelander, Icelanders, Icelandic.
  • sqq.following.
  • Cod.Codex.
  • etc.et cetera.
  • e. g.exempli gratia.
  • MSS.manuscript, manuscripts.
  • A. D.Anno Domini.
  • qs.quasi.
  • perh.perhaps.
  • cp.compare.
  • esp.especially.
  • Greg.Gregory. (F. II.)
  • Eluc.Elucidarium. (F. II.)
  • Íb.Íslendinga-bók. (D. I.)
  • Bs.Biskupa sögur. (D. III.)
  • Grág.Grágás. (B. I.)
  • Sæm.Sæmundar Edda. (A, C. I.)
  • EddaEdda. (C. I.)
  • SkáldaSkálda. (H. I.)
  • Ivar AasenIvar Aasen’s Dictionary, 1850.
  • Jd.Jómsvíkinga-drápa. (A. III.)
  • BjarniBjarni Thorarinson.
  • N. G. L.Norges Gamle Love. (B. II.)