Yrða

bregða

sagnorð
brá, 2nd brátt, later brást; brugðu, brugðit; bregð; brygði: reflex, (sk, z, st), brásk, bráz, or brást, brugðusk, : with the brá-at, brásk-at, 78, vi. 51.
A. ACT. WITH DAT.
I. [ bregdan, brædan; Old and to brade or braid; bragð throughout]:—to move swiftly:
1. of a weapon, to draw, brandish; b. sverði, to draw the sword, 55, 28, 222, 82 , i. 44, ii. 306, vi. 313, 306, 505; sverð brugðit, a drawn sword, 746; the alliterative phrase in Old Ballads, ‘the bright browne (= brugðinn) sword:’ , bregð (), : b. knífi, to slash with a knife, 59; b. flötu sverði, to turn it round in the band, vii. 157; saxi, i. 629: even of a thrust, b. spjóti, 344.2. of the limbs or parts of the body, to move quickly; b. hendi, fingri, 10, vi. 122; b. augum sundr, to open the eyes, iii. 57, ‘he bradde open his eyen two,’ Ballads; b. fótum, 253; b. fæti, in wrestling; b. grönum, to draw up the lips, 199, v. 220.3. of other objects; b. skipi, to turn the ship (rare), viii. 145, 324; b. e-m á eintal, einmæli, to take one apart, vi. 11, 35; b. sér sjúkum, to feign sickness, 51; bregða sér in usage means to make a short visit, go or come for a moment; eg brá mér snöggvast til …, 4. adding ; b. upp; b. upp hendi, höndum, to hold up the hand, i. 167; b. upp glófa, 206, 326: b. e-m á lopt, to lift aloft, 122, 108; b. e-u undan, to put a thing out of the way, to hide it, i. 6; undir, ii. 221, 222, 230: b. e-u við (b. við skildi), to ward off with …, 5; but chiefly to put forth as an example, to laud, wonder at, ; þínum drengskap skal ek við b., 18; þessum mun ek við b. Áslaugar órunum, i. 257; nú mun ek því við b. (I will speak loud), at ek hefi eigi fyr náð við þik at tala, 53: b. e-u á, to give out, pretend; hann brá á því at hann mundi ríða vestr til Miðfjarðar, iii. 197, viii. 59, x. 322. β. to deviate from, disregard; vér höfum brugðit af ráðum þínum, 50, 13, 109, Ísl. ii. 198, i. 359; b. af marki, to alter the mark, 397.5. to turn, alter, change; b. lit, litum, to change colour, to turn pale, , ii. 7, 24; b. sér við e-t, to alter one’s mien, shew signs of pain, emotion, or the like, 116; b. e-m í (or b. á sik) e-s líki, to turn one (by spell) into another shape, 13; at þú brátt þér í merar líki, 37; hann brá á sik ýmissa dýra líki, () 149.
II. to break up or off, leave off, give up; b. búi, to give up one’s household, i. 153, 116, 704; b. tjöldum, to break up, strike the tents, iv. 302; b. samvist, to part, leave off living together, ii. 295; b. ráðahag, to break off an engagement, wedding, 11; b. boði, to countermand a feast, 194; b. kaupi, to break off a bargain, 51, 251; b. sýslu, to leave off working, vi. 349; b. svefni, blundi, to awake, 2; smátt bregðr slíkt svefni mínum, 53; b. tali, to break off talking, 22; b. orustu, to break off the battle, : in poetry, b. hungri, föstu, sulti, to break or quell the hunger (of the wolf); b. gleði; b. lífi, fjörvi, to put to death, ,
2. to break faith, promise, or the like; b. máli, i. 148; trúnaði, 141; brugðið var öllu sáttmáli, ii. 121; b. heiti, Alvm. 3: , ef bóandi bregðr við griðmann (breaks a bargain), i. 153.3. , bregðask e-m (or ), to deceive, fail, in faith or friendship; Gunnarr kvaðsk aldri skyldu b. Njáli né sonum hans, 57; bregðsk þú oss nú eigi, do not deceive us, vi. 17; vant er þó at vita hverir mér eru trúir ef feðrnir b., ii. 11; en þeim brásk framhlaupit, they failed in the onslaught, vii. 298; þat mun eigi bregðask, that cannot fail, ii. 526, 50; fáir munu þeir, at einörð sinni haldi, er slíkir brugðusk við oss, v. 36, 26 new
III. [ brædan, to braid, braider], to ‘braid,’ knot, bind, the band, string being in ; hann bregðr í fiskinn öðrum enda, he braided the one end in the fish, 220; hón brá hárinu undir belli sér, she braided her hair under her belt; (hann) brá (untied) brókabelti sínu, i. 47; er þeir höfðu brugðið kaðli um, wound a cable round it, x. 53; hefir strengrinn brugðizk líttat af fótum honum, the rope had loosened off his feet, xi. 152: but also simply and with , b. bragð, to braid a braid, knit a knot, (in a verse); b. ráð, to weave a plot, ( ράπτειν, suere), (in a verse); in the proper sense flétta and ríða, , are more usual.
2. in wrestling; b. e-m, the antagonist in , the trick in , b. e-m bragð (hæl-krók, sveiflu, )3. , of mutual strife; bregðask brögðum, to play one another tricks; b. brigzlum, to scold one another, ii. 146; b. frumhlaupum, of mutual aggression, 13, 48; bregðask um e-t, to contest a thing, 66, i. 34.4. , brugðinn við e-t, acquainted with a thing; munuð þit brátt brugðnir við meira, you will soon have greater matters to deal with, 84; hann er við hvárttveggja b., he is well versed in both, 51.
IV. to upbraid, blame, with of the person and thing; fár bregðr hinu betra, ef hann veit hit verra (a proverb), 227; Þórðr blígr brá honum því (Thord threw it in his face), á Þórsnesþingi, at …, 101; Kálfr brá mér því í dag, vi. 105; b. e-m brizglum, 227.
B. NEUT. OR ABSOL. without a case, of swift, sudden motion.
I. b. á e-t, as, b. á leik, gaman, , to start or begin sporting, playing; Kimbi brá á gaman, K. took it playfully, laughed at it, 101; b. á gamanmál, xi. 151; þeir brugðu á glímu ok á glens, they started wrestling and playing, 220; bregðr hann ( the horse) á leik, the horse broke into play, ran away, xi. 280; Glúmr svaraði vel en brá þó á sitt ráð, Glum gave a gentle answer, but went on in his own way, 26, i. 250: the phrase, hönd bregðr á venju, the hand is ready for its old work, () verse 26, 78 (in a verse).
2. b. við, to start off, set about a thing without delay, at a moment’s notice, may in often be rendered by at once or the like; brá hann við skjótt ok fór, he started off at once and went, i. 158; þeir brugðu við skjótt, ok varð þeim mjök við felmt, they took to their heels in a great fright, 105; þeir brugðu við skjótt, ok fara þaðan, 107; bregðr hon við ok hleypr, 25 new , 60; hrossit bregðr nú við hart, id.; en er Ólafr spurði, at Þorsteinn hafði skjótt við brugðit, ok hafði mikit fjölmenni, 228.
β. b. til e-s, þá brá Ingimundr til utanferðar, Ingimund started to go abroad, i. 117; b. til Grænlands ferðar, i. 430.
II. reflex, to make a sudden motion with the body; Rútr brásk skjótt við undan högginu, 28, 129; b. við fast, to turn sharply, 58, 97; bregðsk (= bregðr) jarl nú við skjótt ok ferr, the earl started at once, xi. 11; hann brásk aldregi við (he remained motionless) er þeir píndu hann, heldr en þeir lysti á stokk eðr stein, vii. 227.
2. and of a circumlocutory character; eigi þætti mér ráðið, hvárt ek munda svá skjótt á boð brugðisk hafa, ef …, I am not sure whether I should have been so hasty in bidding you, if …, Ísl. ii. 156; bregðask á beina við e-n, to shew hospitality towards, viii. 59, bregða sér above.
β. b. yfir, to exceed; heyra þeir svá mikinn gný at yfir brásk, they heard an awful crash, 6; þá brásk þat þó yfir jafnan (it surpassed) er konungr talaði, x. 322, yet these last two instances may be better read ‘barst,’ vide bera C. IV; bregðask úkunnr, reiðr … við e-t, to be startled at the novelty of a thing, v. 258; b. reiðr við, to get excited, angry at a thing,
C. IMPERS.
I. the phrase, e-m bregðr við e-t, of strong emotions, fear, anger, or the like; brá þeim mjök við, er þau sá hann inn ganga, it startled them much, when they saw him come in, 68; Flosa brá svá við, at hann var í andliti stundum sem blóð, 177; en þó brá fóstru Melkorku mest við þessi tíðindi, this news most affected Melkorka’s nurse, 82; aldri hefi ek mannsblóð séð, ok veit ek eigi hve mér bregðr við, I wot not how it will touch me, 59; brá honum svá við, at hann gerði fölvan í andliti … ok þann veg brá honum opt síðan (he was oft since then taken in such fits), þá er vígahugr var á honum, 342; en við höggit brá Glæsi svá at …, 324; Þorkell spurði ef honum hefði brugðit nokkut við þessa sýslu.—Ekki sjám vér þér brugðit hafa við þetta, en þó sýndist mér þér áðr brugðit, xi. 148.
β. bregða í brún, to be amazed, shocked, i. 214; þá brá Guðrúnu mjök í brún um atburð þenna allan saman, 326, 14; þat hlægir mik at þeim mun í brún b., 239; nú bregðr mönnum í brún mjök (people were very much startled), því at margir höfðu áðr enga frétt af haft, 7.
II. with við, til, í, af; of appearances, kynligu, undarliga bregðr við, it has a weird look, looks uncanny, of visions, dreams, or the like; en þó bregðr nú kynligu við, undan þykir mér nú gaflaðit hvárt-tveggja undan húsinu, Ísl. ii. 352, 62, 197, 83; nú bregðr undrum við, id., i. 292.III. e-m bregðr til e-s, one person turns out like another, the Danish ‘at slægte en paa;’ þat er mælt at fjórðungi bregði til fóstrs, the fostering makes the fourth part of the man, 64; en því bregðr mér til foreldris míns, in that I am like my father, iii. 223; er þat líkast, at þér bregði meir í þræla ættina en Þveræinga, it is too likely, that thou wilt show thyself rather to be kith and kin to the thrall’s house than to that of Thweræingar, i. 434; b. til bernsku, to be childish, 3.
β. bregðr af vexti hans frá öðrum selum, his shape differs from that of any other seals, 41 new (afbrigði).
IV. to cease; e-u bregðr, it ceases; svá hart … at nyt () bregði, (to drive the ewes) so fast that they fail (to give milk), ii. 231; þessu tali bregðr aldri (= þetta tal bregzk aldri), this calculation can never fail, 536; veðráttu () brá eigi, there was no change in the weather, 91; skini sólar brá, the sun grew dim, Geisü 19; fjörvi feigra brá, the life of the ‘feys’ came to an end (), vi. 316 (in a verse); brá föstu, hungri, úlfs, ara, the hunger of wolf and eagle was abated, is a phrase with the poets.V. of a sudden appearance; kláða () brá á hvarmana, the eye-lids itched, v. 96: of light passing swiftly by, þá brá ljóma af Logafjöllum, 1. 15; ljósi bregðr fyrir, a light passes before the eye; mey brá mér fyrir hvarma steina, a maid passed before my eyes, 117; þar við ugg () at þrjótum brá, the rogues were taken by fear, 170.
Skammstafanir og tilvitnanir
  • pret.þátíð (e. preterite)
  • sing.eintala (e. singular)
  • pers.person.
  • pl.fleirtala (e. plural)
  • sup.sagnbót (e. supine)
  • pres.nútíð (e. present)
  • subj.viðtengingarháttur (e. subjunctive)
  • etc.et cetera.
  • poët.poetically.
  • neg.negative.
  • suff.suffix.
  • A. S.Anglo-Saxon.
  • Engl.English.
  • Scot.Scottish.
  • cp.compare.
  • sqq.following.
  • absol.absolute, absolutely.
  • imperat.boðháttur (e. imperative)
  • l. c.loco citato.
  • ch.chapter.
  • mod.modern.
  • prepp.forsetning (e. preposition)
  • metaph.metaphorical, metaphorically.
  • pref.preface.
  • esp.especially.
  • freq.frequent, frequently.
  • reflex.reflexive.
  • i. e.id est.
  • Ed.edition, editions, edited.
  • dat.þágufall (e. dative)
  • acc.þolfall (e. accusative)
  • Gr.Greek.
  • Lat.Latin.
  • q. v.quod vide.
  • recipr.reciprocally.
  • part.lýsingarháttur (e. participle)
  • viz.namely.
  • Orkn.Orkneyinga saga. (E. II.)
  • Fms.Fornmanna sögur. (E. I.)
  • Gísl.Gísla saga. (D. II.)
  • Nj.Njála. (D. II.)
  • Ld.Laxdæla saga. (D. II.)
  • Korm.Kormaks saga. (D. II.)
  • Eg.Egils saga. (D. II.)
  • Am.Atla-mál. (A. II.)
  • Bs.Biskupa sögur. (D. III.)
  • Glúm.Víga-Glúms saga. (D. II.)
  • K. Þ. K.Kristinn-réttr Þorláks ok Ketils = Kristinna-laga-þáttr. (B. I.)
  • Eb.Eyrbyggja saga. (D. II.)
  • Ölk.Ölkofra-þáttr. (D. II.)
  • Fagrsk.Fagrskinna. (K. I.)
  • Fas.Fornaldar sögur. (C. II.)
  • Sturl.Sturlunga saga. (D. I.)
  • Vápn.Vápnfirðinga saga. (D. II.)
  • Lv.Ljósvetninga saga. (D. II.)
  • Fær.Færeyinga saga. (E. II.)
  • Grág.Grágás. (B. I.)
  • Vígl.Víglundar saga. (D. V.)
  • Bret.Breta sögur. (G. I.)
  • EddaEdda. (C. I.)
  • Rd.Reykdæla saga. (D. II.)
  • Sdm.Sigrdrífu-mál. (A. II.)
  • Lex. Poët.Lexicon Poëticum by Sveinbjörn Egilsson, 1860.
  • Hkr.Heimskringla. (E. I.)
  • Rb.Rímbegla. (H. III.)
  • Grett.Grettis saga. (D. II.)
  • Finnb.Finnboga saga. (D. V.)
  • Fs.Forn-sögur. (D. II.)
  • Landn.Landnáma. (D. I.)
  • Ht.Hátta-tal. (C. I.)
  • Bjarn.Bjarnar saga. (D. II.)
  • Fb.Flateyjar-bók (E. I.)
  • Mag.Magus saga. (G. II.)
  • Band.Banda-manna saga. (D. II.)
  • Al.Alexanders saga. (G. I.)
  • Sks.Konungs Skugg-sjá. (H. II.)
  • Hkv.Helga-kviða Hundingsbana. (A. II.)
  • SnótSnót, poems.