Yrða

fyrir

forsetning
, in the Editions spelt differently; in this word is usually abbreviated either  ( firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ ( fyrir); in some it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, 382 ( i. 263 ); and even in the old Miracle-book 645 ( i. 333 ), just as ifir is written for yfir (over); in a few it is written as a monosyllable fyr, i. 475, passim; in (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, 22; fyr vestan ver, 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, 56, 54, 34, 15, 64, 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of (super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in , are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in , as, fyre, (facsimile); fire, ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, 1. [ faur and faura; fore and for; for and fore-; für and vor; for; för; προ-; pro, prae.]
WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.
A. LOCAL:
I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, 14, 53, 69, 130; niðr smiðju-dyrum, 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, vii. 207, iii. 335 ( 201, , frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum sér, beneath in the fire before them, 204; þeir sá sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, they came to a great house, 546; öðrum sér (in front) en öðrum á bak sér, i. 5.
2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel búum, before the neighbours, 87; lýsi ek búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u (to proclaim) e-m, 8; hann hermdi boð öll Gizuri, 78; hón nefndisk þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., i. 8; kæra e-t e-m, 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann þeim, 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) e-m, to give a good (bad) example, in the presence of children; lifa vel Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti Guði, 199; sem þeir sjá réttast Guði, i. (); fyrir öllum þeim, 89; á laun öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, i. 337, 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill húsfreyju minni, when you talk to my wife, 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, 2. 78.3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, to clear Valhalla for slain folk, I; ryðja vígvöll vegundum, 212; ljúka upp e-m, to open the door for one, xi. 323, 5; rýma pallinn þeim, 304; hann lét göra eld þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. sér, xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, 45.
II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð þeim, 530; á (fjörðr) varð þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., iii. 363; þeirra manna er honum urðu, 92.
2. sitja e-m, to lie in wait for one, 218, 107; lá henni í skóginum, (); sitja rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, 136 (fyrir-sát).3. , menn urðu at gæta sín er urðu, 100; Egill var þar í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, 378; hafði sá bana er varð, who was before (the arrow), he was hit, 8.4. verða e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr drepi, if he be struck, ii. 19; verða áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, 140; verða reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, 226; verða ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, i. 130; sitja hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, 71; vera eigi sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.
III. a term, before, off; liggja bryggjum, to lie off the pier, 166; skip fljóta strengjum, 116; þeir lágu bænum, they lay off the town, i. 18; liggja úti Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, 261; hann druknaði Jaðri, off the J., i. II; þeir kómu at honum Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr landi, i. 301; Humru-minni, off the Humber, 338, 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, 356.IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr búi föður síns, 26 (of king David); vera liði, to be over the troops, 292, 7; vera máli, to lead the case, 8; vera forstjóri búi, to be steward over the household, 52; ráða landi, ríki, , to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, 5; hverr eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, 239; ráða e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, 36, 12; hafa svör e-m, to be the chief spokesman, x. 101, v. 26.V. special usages; friða e-m, to make peace for one, vii. 16, i. 65; bæta e-m, to make things good for one, 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja () e-m, to plead for one, iii. 33, 128,—also spilla e-m, to disparage one, 255; haga, ætla e-u, to manage, arrange for one, 208, i. 14, 356; rífka ráð e-m, to better one’s condition, 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf frændkonu sinni, 58; standa manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, 357, ii. 13; vera skjöldr e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað e-u, to have the expences for a thing, 14; vinna e-m, to support one by one’s work, 251; starfa fé sínu, to manage one’s money, 166; hyggja e-u, to take heed for a thing, 109; hyggja sér, 5; hafa forsjá e-m, to provide for one, 186; sjá e-u, to see after, 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð mér, 20: ironic. to put at rest, 40: , sjá vel , to provide well for, 102.
B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, i. 76, 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, 260, i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, i. 80, ii. 323, 394, 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, i. 57.
2. the phrase, vera e-u, to forebode; vera stórfundum, 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu siða-skipti, xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, 171.
C. METAPH.:
I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar öllum ungum mönnum, 7; þykkisk hann mjök öðrum mönnum, 38; ver hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, 65; Hálfdan svarti var þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, i. 4; þorgrímr var sonum Önundar, 87; var Haraldr mest þeim at virðingu, i. 47.II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið þeim, i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).
2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = pro, vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, 38; gjalda önd mína önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf sál sinni (pro animâ suâ), i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir e-m, 656 A; heita e-m, biðja e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), iii. 48, i. 70; biðja mönnum, to intercede for, 19, xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja stað sinn (, which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (, which is a Latinism), x. 127.
III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, i. 36, 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, forsook Thorkel, ix. 422; kom upp grátr henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé öðrum, to take another’s money, i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, 56; ef hross verðr tekit honum, if a horse of his be taken, i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, 60; e-t ferr ílla e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., 18; loka dyrr e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn yðr drepit, heldr yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, 33; tók at eyðask henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, 29; rak á þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast mér, my sword broke, 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t e-m, to break a thing for one, i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, 167; árin brotnaði honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.
2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, to hinder one’s doing well, 87; mikit göri þér mér þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, 124; þér er mikit máli, thy case stands ill, v. 325; ekki er Guði því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, III; mér er minna því, it is easier for me, 60; þykkja mikit e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, 77; also say, þykja fyrir (), to feel hurt, be displeased:—, er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, 140; sem sér muni lítið at veiða Gunnar, 113; fast mun vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt , A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), 185; hann var lengi , he was long about it, x. 205; hann var lengi ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, 388.
IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi verkjum, she had no rest for pains, 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; hlátri, for laughter, as in ; þeir æddust einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, 11; ílla fært ísum, scarce passable for ice, xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar Miðgarðs-ormi, 35; hann var lítt gengr sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, 26; heptisk vegrinn þeim meinvættum sem …, 4; gáðu þeir eigi veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, 35, i. 22, vii. 330, 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, 52.
2. denoting contest; falla e-m, to fall before one, fighting against one, i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, 146; látask e-m, to perish by one, 34; hafa bana e-m, to be slain by one, 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa honum, 263; mæddisk hann þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, 192; láta ríki e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar þér, 505; láta hlut sinn e-m, 47; standask e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, (); hugðisk hann falla mundu sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, 12; halda hlut e-m, 54; halda frið ok frelsi várum óvinum, viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað þínum draum (thy dream notwithstanding), 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, 37; halda vöku sér, to keep oneself awake, i. 216.
β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, to be pursued, i. 774, ii. 359; at hann rynni þrælum hans, 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á Hofsmönnum, 178; ganga e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, i. 305, x. 292; vægja e-m, to yield to one, give way, 21, 187, 57, 234.
VI. against; verja land e-m, 32; verja landit Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, i. 23; til landvarnar víkingum, 260; landvarnar-maðr Norðmönnum, vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar bergrisum, 17; gæt þín vel konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, 113; góð aðstoð tröllum ok dvergum, 163; beiða Baldri griða allskonar háska, 36; auðskæðr höggum, 770.VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), ii. 384, vii. 262; halda veðri, to stand before the wind, 211.
2. rýrt mun verða honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, 94: , hafði sá bana er varð, 8; sprakk , 16, 91.
VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, of physical power; mikill sér, strong, powerful; lítill sér, weak, feeble, 20, Ísl. ii. 368, 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann mér, 33; minnstr sér, smallest, weakest, 123; gildr maðr sér, Ísl. ii. 322, ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil sér, a hardy man, 270; hvat ert þú þér, what kind of fellow art thou? 33; vera einn sér, to be a strange fellow, 79 new ; also say, göra mikið (lítið) sér, to make oneself big (little).
β. sjóða e-t sér, to hesitate, saunter, 154; mæla munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, 248, 249.
IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr hærum, white with hoary hairs, vi. 95, ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, 5; hjölt hvít silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, 226.X. as adverb or ,
1. ahead, in front, = á undan, prae, to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), 580; Egill fór , E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar í nótt, 283.
β. first; hann stefndi málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit , I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—, sjau nóttum , seven nights before, ii. 217.
2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, before the bride and bridegroom came, 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar vera, he shall be there present, 3; heima í túni fyrir, 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem eru, who are there already, in his charge, i. 286: of things, föng þau er vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, 134.3. fore, to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar allt gullknöppum, 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst,
XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat , at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki , K. had no resource, lost his head, iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, 117, ii. 151; mun þat vel mælask, people will like it well, 29, 55 new ; ílla mun þat mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel , the people praised the poem, vii. 113.XII. in special senses, either as or (vide A. V. above); segja leið skipi, to pilot a ship, 359; segja skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, i. 774, x. 480; mæla e-u, to dictate, ii. 266; mæla minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u , to arrange, put right; ætla e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið e-u (), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita sér, to enquire; biðjask , to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja , , to order, 103, 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá , at …, 34; spyrjask , to enquire, ii. 333; búask , to prepare, make arrangement, 35, 551; skipask , to draw up, 197; leggjask , to lie down in despair, i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá úorðna hluti, i. 96; segja , to foretell, 76, 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt um æfi hans, 102; vita e-t , to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t , to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat , fore-ordained, id.WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.
A. LOCAL:
I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, 198; láta síga brýnn brár, 19; halda augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, 39.
2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m dómstól, xi. 444; ganga, koma e-n, to go, come before one, i. 15, 426, 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, 611.3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum sik, he put the shield before him, 97, 115; halda skildi e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram , forward; aptr , backward, ; hann reiddi öxina fram sik, a stroke forward with the axe, vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna sik, 195; komask út dyrr, to go outside the door, 206:—draga ofan brekku, to drag over the hill, 220; hrinda mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, 748; hlaupa björg, to leap over a precipice, 62, 36; elta e-n björg, ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) borð, to leap (throw) overboard, i. 178, iii. 391, 226; síga (to be hauled) niðr borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, ix. 3; hlaupa niðr stafn, 142; niðr skaflinn, 25; fyrir brekku, 450, 395 (in a verse).
II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu þá, ix. 475; ríða á leið þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, 348; hlaupa ofan þá, 153; vóru allt komin hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, vii. 207; þeir felldu brota hann, they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, 166.III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, 44; út Holm, out past the Holm, vii. 356: as a term, off a point on the shore, sigla England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, 91 (in a verse); er hann kom Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, 80; leggja land skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, to pass it, ; göra frið land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to (round) the sources of the river, iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, ii. 263; girða nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, praesepire, praemunire, , ii. 263; so also binda op, poka, praeligare, praestringere; hlaða gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, 275; skjóta slagbrandi dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, 29; láta loku (lás) hurð, to lock a door, 28; setja innsigli bréf, to set a seal to a letter, i. 3: , setr hón þar lás fyrir, 42, i. 512.
2. along, all along; endilanga Danmörk, endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, iv. 319, xi. 91, 97:—öx álnar munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, 276; draga ör ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, ii. 321.
IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, i. 44, 13, ii. 131; taka munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, ; taka mál munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, 124; , taka fram hendrnar á e-m.
B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, 80; miðjan dag, 14; sól, before sunrise, 268; sólar-lag, before sunset; miðjan aptan, 192; náttmál, 197; óttu, Sighvat; þinglausnir, 37; Jól, 269; fardaga, ii. 341; viku sumar, 244; mitt sumar, 138; litlu vetr, 159; vetrnætr, ii. 217; e-s minni, before one’s memory, 16.C. METAPH.:
I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, x. 372.II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, 77; ganga í skuld e-n, i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá Ölvi, 210; kaupa e-t e-n, 157; gjalda gjöld e-n, i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir e-n, 504; hvárr sik, each for oneself, v. 26; sættisk á öll mál , 266; tók sættir , 168; svara e-t, xi. 444; hafa til varnir sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma ; færa vörn sik, ; verja, sækja sakir sik, and many similar law phrases, passim; biðja konu e-n, to woo a lady for another, x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, 16; lögvörn mál, a lawful defence for a case, 111; hafa til varnar sök, to defend a case, i. 61; halda skiladómi e-t, iv. 8; festa lög e-t, vide festa.III. in a distributive sense; penning mann, a penny per man, 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, 89, i. 153, 141; hve marga menn, for how many men, i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð hungraða, 75; þeir skáru þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), 265; leggja kostnað e-n, to defray one’s costs, i. 341.V. for, instead of; hann setti sik Guð, (); hafa e-n Guð ( pro Deo), 73, 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka brynjur, 17; manna-höfuð vóru kljána, 275; gagl gás ok grís gamalt svín, 86; rif stór hlunna, 48; buðkr er húslker er hafðr, 171; auga auga, tönn tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell skillinga, 32.VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, 92, v. 162; eigi sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? 101; ok urðu þat sekir, 323; hafa ámæli e-t, 65, passim.
2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra þín orð, 158, 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old ‘fore God), 241; fyrir þitt líf, 514; ek særi þik alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, 714; er sik leysti út þrjú hundruð marka, ix. 421; ganga hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, 57; bætr víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr mann, 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, i. 9, 157, 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, they sold their lives dearly, 217.2. , í staðinn , instead of, i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða góð boð, 77; taka umbun , vii. 161; svara slíku sem …, 350; þér skulut öngu týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, 7.
VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, ; fyrir sína náttúru, v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, 19. 12; svikin orminn, by the serpent, 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very in writings, after the Reformation, , , ; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, :—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu kast (by dice), ii. 159.IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, 190; nú fara menn bann (in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, 517; hann gaf henni líf framkvæmd farar, although she had not fulfilled her journey (her vow), v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, 80 new ; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but in usage, thus, eigi e-n vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n fífl, fól, to make sport of one.
2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, vita vist, to know for certain, i. 3; vita full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa satt, to take for sooth, believe, 135; koma eitt, to come (turn) all to one, 11, 91, i. 208; koma ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, 19.
XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = ultra; fyrir innan fjall = infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, ; vide these adverbs:—used , fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in to mark the quarters of the country, the ditty in Árb. year 1530; but not in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, 1: and , fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, 98, 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, , and furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini,
β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, 2. in an sense = before others, very, but not ; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.
II. ( fyrir, , C. IX), in a or sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:
1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in ) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, ; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.
Skammstafanir og tilvitnanir
  • prep.forsetning (e. preposition)
  • MSS.manuscript, manuscripts.
  • i. e.id est.
  • e. g.exempli gratia.
  • sqq.following.
  • Edd.edition, editions, edited.
  • Ulf.Ulfilas.
  • A. S.Anglo-Saxon.
  • Engl.English.
  • Germ.German.
  • Dan.Danish.
  • Swed.Swedish.
  • Gr.Greek.
  • Lat.Latin.
  • f.kvenkyn (e. feminine)
  • l. c.loco citato.
  • pref.preface.
  • ellipt.elliptical, elliptically.
  • naut.nautical.
  • cp.compare.
  • etc.et cetera.
  • acc.þolfall (e. accusative)
  • dat.þágufall (e. dative)
  • Icel.Iceland, Icelander, Icelanders, Icelandic.
  • esp.especially.
  • Ed.edition, editions, edited.
  • opp.opposed.
  • temp.temporal.
  • adv.atviksorð (e. adverb)
  • impers.ópersónulegt (e. impersonal)
  • viz.namely.
  • mod.modern.
  • freq.frequent, frequently.
  • eccl.ecclesiastical.
  • adverb.adverbially.
  • ch.chapter.
  • absol.absolute, absolutely.
  • metaph.metaphorical, metaphorically.
  • intens.intensive.
  • neg.negative.
  • priv.privative.
  • Arna-Magn.Arna-Magnacanus.
  • Bs.Biskupa sögur. (D. III.)
  • D. I.Diplomatarium Islandicum. (J. I.)
  • Mork.Morkinskinna. (E. I.)
  • Kb.Konungs-bók. (B. I, C. I, etc.)
  • Vsp.Völuspá. (A. I.)
  • Gm.Grímnis-mál. (A. I.)
  • Hkv.Helga-kviða Hundingsbana. (A. II.)
  • Hm.Hává-mál. (A. I.)
  • Skm.Skírnis-mál. (A. I.)
  • Ls.Loka-senna. (A. I.)
  • Am.Atla-mál. (A. II.)
  • Ó. H.Ólafs saga Helga. (E. I.)
  • Grág.Grágás. (B. I.)
  • Sb.Staðarhóls-bók. (B. I.)
  • Fms.Fornmanna sögur. (E. I.)
  • Haustl.Haustlöng. (A. I.)
  • Nj.Njála. (D. II.)
  • EddaEdda. (C. I.)
  • Eg.Egils saga. (D. II.)
  • Hkr.Heimskringla. (E. I.)
  • Ld.Laxdæla saga. (D. II.)
  • Hom.Homiliu-bók. (F. II.)
  • Jb.Jóns-bók. (B. III.)
  • Merl.Merlinus Spa. (A. III.)
  • Em.Eiríks-mál. (A. III.)
  • Stj.Stjórn. (F. I.)
  • Fas.Fornaldar sögur. (C. II.)
  • Sks.Konungs Skugg-sjá. (H. II.)
  • Orkn.Orkneyinga saga. (E. II.)
  • Km.Kráku-mál. (A. III.)
  • Ver.Veraldar saga. (E. II.)
  • Band.Banda-manna saga. (D. II.)
  • Ölk.Ölkofra-þáttr. (D. II.)
  • Dipl.Diplomatarium. (J. I.)
  • Sturl.Sturlunga saga. (D. I.)
  • Boll.Bolla-þáttr. (D. V.)
  • Js.Járnsíða. (B. III.)
  • Fs.Forn-sögur. (D. II.)
  • Háv.Hávarðar saga. (D. II.)
  • Finnb.Finnboga saga. (D. V.)
  • Dropl.Droplaugar-sona saga. (D. II.)
  • Grett.Grettis saga. (D. II.)
  • Blas.Blasius saga. (F. III.)
  • H. E.Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiae. (J. I.)
  • N. G. L.Norges Gamle Love. (B. II.)
  • Landn.Landnáma. (D. I.)
  • Vígl.Víglundar saga. (D. V.)
  • Fbr.Fóstbræðra saga. (D. II.)
  • Korm.Kormaks saga. (D. II.)
  • Eb.Eyrbyggja saga. (D. II.)
  • Þorf. Karl.Þorfinns saga Karlsefnis. (D. II.)
  • Bjarn.Bjarnar saga. (D. II.)
  • Sól.Sólarljóð. (A. III.)
  • Hbl.Harbarðs-ljóð. (A. I.)
  • Eluc.Elucidarium. (F. II.)
  • SkáldaSkálda. (H. I.)
  • Hým.Hýmis-kviða. (A. I.)
  • Fær.Færeyinga saga. (E. II.)
  • Bárð.Bárðar saga. (D. V.)
  • Róm.Rómverja saga. (E. II.)
  • Clem.Clements saga. (F. III.)
  • Mag.Magus saga. (G. II.)
  • Mar.Maríu saga. (F. III.)
  • Þórð.Þórðar saga hreðu. (D. V.)
  • Bb.Búnaðar-bálkr.
  • Hkv. Hjörv.Helga-kviða Hjörvarðssonar. (A. II.)
  • Glúm.Víga-Glúms saga. (D. II.)
  • Gísl.Gísla saga. (D. II.)
  • Hrafn.Hrafnkels saga. (D. II.)
  • Íb.Íslendinga-bók. (D. I.)
  • BjörnBiörn Halldórsson.
  • Gs.Grótta-söngr. (A. II.)
  • K. Þ. K.Kristinn-réttr Þorláks ok Ketils = Kristinna-laga-þáttr. (B. I.)
  • Lv.Ljósvetninga saga. (D. II.)
  • Barl.Barlaams saga. (F. III.)
  • Vm.Vilkins-máldagi. (J. I.)
  • Þkv.Þryms-kviða. (A. I.)
  • Karl.Karla-magnús saga. (G. I.)
  • Gþl.Gulaþings-lög. (B. II.)
  • Pass.Passiu-Sálmar.
  • Al.Alexanders saga. (G. I.)
  • N. T.New Testament.
  • Vídal.Vídalíns-Postilla.
  • Þiðr.Þiðreks saga. (G. I.)
  • Esp.Espólin Árbækr Íslands.
  • Kristni S.Kristni saga. (D. I. III.)
  • Anal.Analecta. (D. II.)
  • Vkv.Völundar-kviða. (A. II.)