Yrða

of

forsetning
1. with and , the form varies; umb is an obsolete and rare form, hence um, sounded umm, which is far the most common form in old writers, and has altogether superseded both umb and of: [the ‘of’ answers nearest to uf; oba; ob; ὑπό; sub; upa.] Most of the oldest vellums, as also the poets, prefer to use ‘of,’ yet not all, for the Reg. of in nine cases out of ten writes um, so also did the Acad. primus (the Kringla) of the ; and this is important, for these two vellums are our chief sources for old poetry; on the other hand, the Reg. of the Snorra prefers ‘of.’ Among other vellums the old fragment of the S. ( No. 325) mostly uses ‘of’ as of nóttina, 110; of hans daga, 178; of Jól, 180; of daga þeirra bræðra, 182; but also ‘um’ ofan um sik, ofan um hann, id. The word will be given in full under letter U, so that a few references may suffice here:I. in the sense over, super, with and ,
α. jörð grær of ágætum barma, (in a verse); brann of fylki, Ýt.; of svírum, Hornklofi; dík flæði of líkum, xi. 191; sjár þýtr of árum, vi. (in a verse); of bý breiðum, β. with , of nýt regin, 13; of dróttmögu, 11; of liðu, 9; of sumar, 40; of garð risa, ; of lopt ok lög, ; úlfr gengr of ýnglings börn, (in a verse); vestr fór ek of ver, 1; liggja of ungan Mörukára, vi. (in a verse).
II. in a causal sense = ob; of sanna sök, for a just sake, justly, ii. 322 (in a verse); of minna, for a less cause, Glúm, (in a verse); of litla sök, ; of sannar deildir, id.; of minni sorgir, (in a verse).
2. and um, an enclytic particle, chiefly placed before verbs or participles, seldom before nouns; it is obsolete, and occurs only in old poetry and now and then in the oldest prose; the spelling varies, for here too the Reg. of , as also the Kringla, mostly prefer um, so as to take examples from the poem , um skoðask, um skygnask, 1; um getr, 8; um á (owns), 9; þylsk hann um, um getr, 17; um farit, 18; síns um máls, 21; um gelr, 29; um þörf, 38; um getr, 58, 65; um dvelr, 59; um viðrir, 74; um lagit, 84; um vakin, 100; um komin, um sofin, 101; um kominn, 104; um gaf, 105; um geta, 123; um heilli, 129; um reist, 145; um stendr, 154; um kann, 163: of gat, 140; of alinn, 72; of kom, 145; of vitaðr, 100; of blótið, 145: vf, vf boðit, 67; vf heimtir, 14: thus in this single poem ‘um’ occurs about twenty-four times, ‘of’ five times, and ‘vf’ twice: for the other poems see Bugge’s Edition: on the other hand, of traddi, 2; of þrumir, 8; of hyggi, 34; at ek öllum öl yðr of heita, 3; of geta, 4; of teknir, 14; of heitt, 32:—in prose, ef maðr má eigi of koma, ii. 209; of förlar, 14; of telrat, 178; er héðan of sér, Ísl. () ii. 387; en ér of sét eigi ljós, but you see not the light, 645. 81; at eigi of sá á miðli, 11; má of rannsaka, 677. 6; þó at báðum of göri, 2; ok af því of eykr eigi atkvæði, (Thorodd) 165; sem menn of bera megu, (St.); at hann megi jafnfúss of vera, id., and passim in that old vellum, see Fritzner’s Dict. ; ef því um náir, () 209; ef þeir um sitja, 74; um ves, 76; um taki, 89; um göra (twice), 109; um telrat, 194; urn býðr, 230; um komi, 234; ef sól um sæi, if the sun was to be seen, 29.
II. seldom before nouns; síns um máls, (see above); um þörf, 38; as hans of dólgr, ; Baldrs of barmi, ; öll of rök, 9; of sköpt, kinsmen, (Gl.), ; of tregi, 1. 3 (thus Bugge in two words); Þórs of rúni, ; of kúgi, an oppressor, vii. (in a verse); with adjectives, of reiðr, : it remains in some old sayings or phrases, án er íllt um gengi; um seinan, 91.
3. [this particle is closely akin to the of; the extended form ofr- () is mostly used in compds, not singly, and answers to ὑπέρ, super, above]:1. as excess, pride, conceit; því at hón verðr eigi svá mikil, at þar muni of þitt allt í liggja, 318; við of, to excess, Ísl. ii. 154; þótti hirðmönnum hans við of, hversu mikit, they thought it was beyond measure, 17; um of, to excess: the phrase, of sem van, too much or too little; það er of sem van.2. with , of fjár, immensity of wealth, 9, 27, 68, 198; of liðs, a vast host of men, ii. 265; of manna, vi. 146.
B. Adv. too, nimis, and may be used with any adjective; when with adjectives it is better written separately, of gamall, too old; of ungr, too young, 262; of langr, of stuttr, 96; of stórr, of lítill, 50; of harðr, of linr, of góðr, of vándr, of kaldr, of heitr, of magr, of feitr, of digr, of breiðr, of mjór, of hár, of lágr, of víðr, of þröngr, of margr, of fár, of mart, 372; of þögull, of heimskr, of máligr, 30, 82.
2. with adverbs; of mjök, too much, 226, Ísl. ii. 391; of fjarri, ii. 181; of lengi, too long, x. 379; of seint, too late. 96; of snemma, of árla, too early; um of viða, of sjaldan, of opt, II. with the of a past , overmuch, too much, with the notion of having overdone or sometimes wishing not to have done it; hafa of drukkit, to have drunk too much, 51; hafa of aukit, 202, ii. 209; hafa of gefit, to have given more than one likes, 318; hafa of gört, to have transgressed, 221, xi. 333; eigi of hefnt, 124; hafa of keypt, bought too dear, 372; hafa of mælt, i. 163; þykjast hafa of talað, wish one had not said it; sé mér þetta of mælt, ; hafa of tekið við e-n, to have gone too far, viii. 258; hafa of seinat, too late, 144, i. 196; um seinat, viii. 162:—‘of’ is to ‘van-,’ too much, too little, hafa van-dæmt, of-dæmt, of-mælt, 378; van-refst of-refst, 272; of-talt van-talt, 477; of-alnir, van-alnir, i. 455.III. rarely with verbs; of-tala, to talk too much.
Skammstafanir og tilvitnanir
  • prep.forsetning (e. preposition)
  • dat.þágufall (e. dative)
  • acc.þolfall (e. accusative)
  • Ulf.Ulfilas.
  • O. H. G.Old High German.
  • Germ.German.
  • Gr.Greek.
  • Lat.Latin.
  • Sansk.Sanskrit.
  • Cod.Codex.
  • e. g.exempli gratia.
  • s. v.sub voce.
  • ch.chapter.
  • adv.atviksorð (e. adverb)
  • q. v.quod vide.
  • Engl.English.
  • subst.substantive.
  • gen.eignarfall (e. genitive)
  • cp.compare.
  • etc.et cetera.
  • neut.hvorugkyn (e. neuter)
  • part.lýsingarháttur (e. participle)
  • opp.opposed.
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  • Arna-Magn.Arna-Magnacanus.
  • Eg.Egils saga. (D. II.)
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  • Lex. Poët.Lexicon Poëticum by Sveinbjörn Egilsson, 1860.
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  • Hom.Homiliu-bók. (F. II.)
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  • Haustl.Haustlöng. (A. I.)
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  • Skm.Skírnis-mál. (A. I.)
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  • Ó. H.Ólafs saga Helga. (E. I.)
  • Art.Artus-kappa sögur. (G. II.)
  • Njarð.Njarðvíkinga saga. (D. II.)
  • Grett.Grettis saga. (D. II.)
  • Jb.Jóns-bók. (B. III.)
  • Mar.Maríu saga. (F. III.)
  • Fas.Fornaldar sögur. (C. II.)
  • Gþl.Gulaþings-lög. (B. II.)