Yrða

gi

óflokkað
(or -ki after t or s), a particle suffixed to nouns and adverbs.
A. In a positive sense [ -que], ever, -que, -cunque:
1. with the pronoun hverr (quis) through all cases, answering to the quis-que: out of the Laws we can nearly make a full paradigm:— hverr-gi or hver-gi, quis-que, qui-cunque, i. 14, 31, 45, 85, 171 (twice), 183, 195, 221, ii. 7, 23, 82, 101: and hvat-ki (quod-que). i. 34, 155, 162, 183, 244, ii. 77, 140, 154, Jómsv. 15, 3; also hvárt-ki, id., i. 61 (twice): hvers-kis (cujus-que), 238: hverjun-gi (cui-que), 31, 156: hvern-gi (quem-que), 147, 155, 221, 225, 245, ii. 47, 66: abl. hve-gi or hví-gi, however, i. 147, 195, ii. 64, 101, 128, 151, Jómsv. 14:— hver-gi (quae-que): dual hvárun-gi megin, on both sides (of a river), ii. 93:—even in historical prose, því at hit næsta sumar gat hvergi ber á Íslandi, the following summer every man gathered berries in Iceland (to make some kind of wine), i. 135, (or are we to read hvar-gi, everywhere?).2. with adverbs; hvert-ki (quocun-que modo), ii. 50; nær-gi, whenever (ubi-cunque), i. 191; hvar-gi, wherever, 25, 166, 240, ii. 128, 212.
B. In a negative sense, with a few pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and rarely in old poems with substantives:
1. with nouns, in the name Lopt-ki, an , 19: with appellatives, þörf-gi, no need, an , 39; in mann-gi, no man, nēmo, , which is even used in writers and poets; væt-ki, naught; vettu-gi () and vetter-gis (), : with adjectives, ein-gi (), none, a common word; otherwise rare, sjálf-gi, ‘self-not,’ not oneself, 29, an : with a case of langr, þá löngu-gi, then not for a long time, (): with pronouns, in the dual, hvárr-gi, neither, neuter, i. 46, ii. 93, 151; hvárs-kis (neutrius), ; hvárun-gi (neutri), i. 215; hvárum-gi, ii. 63: hváru-gi, 216; hitt-ki, ne illud quidem, 21, 23; þat-ki, 6; þat-ki at ek fá (not even that I get) mála minn falslausan, 83.2. with adverbs, only in poetry or laws or very old prose; svá-gi, not so, ii. 99, 83; þá-gi, then not; þey-gi, though not, þó-gi; æva-gi, never: again, hver-gi (), nowhere; ei-gi (), not; aldri-gi (), never; hvár-ki (), neither, are common words in prose and in speech. The negative -gi can never be suffixed to verbs (vide ‘-at,’ p. 2); therefore býð-gi, non jubeo (in Íslands-vaka 61, a poem of the last century, i. 236), is a spurious imitation of the old idiom; neither can -at be put to nouns; ráð-at hann kunni, 105, ought therefore to be ráð hann kunni-t, issue be knew not.
C. In an indefinite sense; in a few instances -gi seems to be used almost like Latin quidem with a preceding negative: eigi miklo-gi minna, ne multo quidem minus, Heiðar. S., Ísl. ii. 360; eigi stóru-gi meiri, ne multo quidem majora, 386; engi miklo-gi görr …, nemo multo quidem plus …, i. 209; also the adverbs öllun-gis or öldun-gis, quite, altogether (allr, -gi); einun-gis, only, solely (einn, -gi). both formed from : the obsolete vil-gi ( vel-gi) is ambiguous, being used both in a sense = not well, and = well, bene quidem, i. 393, note; 66, málun-gi, is doubtful;— þyrftig-at málun-gi mat should be read, -at being taken not as a but as a negative verbal suffix, and -gi as a positive suffix; now say, hann á ekki málungi matar, he does not know where to look for his next meal.☞ The negative -gi is peculiar to , and no traces of it are found in any Saxon nor German idioms; whereas, as a positive suffix, it is common to all Teutonic tongues, and remains in the many and any; ‘many’ being man-y = man-ever, ‘homo-cunque,’ manags, and ‘any’ ane-y = every-one; so also is the g in margr and hvárigr, which are remnants—the former of the positive, the latter of the negative -gi.
Skammstafanir og tilvitnanir
  • Lat.Latin.
  • nom.nefnifall (e. nominative)
  • acc.þolfall (e. accusative)
  • neut.hvorugkyn (e. neuter)
  • gen.eignarfall (e. genitive)
  • dat.þágufall (e. dative)
  • masc.karlkyn (e. masculine)
  • plur.fleirtala (e. plural)
  • sing.eintala (e. singular)
  • pr.proper, properly.
  • απ. λεγ.απαξ. λεγόμενον.
  • freq.frequent, frequently.
  • cp.compare.
  • mod.modern.
  • q. v.quod vide.
  • i. e.id est.
  • MS.manuscript, manuscripts.
  • qs.quasi.
  • neg.negative.
  • posit.positive.
  • prob.probably.
  • prep.forsetning (e. preposition)
  • Icel.Iceland, Icelander, Icelanders, Icelandic.
  • Scandin.Scandinavia, Scandinavian.
  • Engl.English.
  • Goth.Gothic.
  • Grág.Grágás. (B. I.)
  • Kb.Konungs-bók. (B. I, C. I, etc.)
  • Íb.Íslendinga-bók. (D. I.)
  • Bs.Biskupa sögur. (D. III.)
  • Ls.Loka-senna. (A. I.)
  • Hkv. Hjörv.Helga-kviða Hjörvarðssonar. (A. II.)
  • Vsp.Völuspá. (A. I.)
  • Konr.Konráðs saga. (G. III.)
  • Hm.Hává-mál. (A. I.)
  • Hbl.Harbarðs-ljóð. (A. I.)
  • Mork.Morkinskinna. (E. I.)
  • Fél.Félags-rit.
  • JónasJónas Hallgrímsson.